Reinventing the Starbucks Experience Free Essays

In his reminder to his senior group, Howard Schultz expounded on his dreams of Starbucks and his mistake over what he called the â€Å"commoditization of the Starbucks experience. † He gave a nitty gritty rundown of the choices that has added to this destiny. His dreams are clear and the contentions he introduced are immaculate yet this paper will take a gander at the circumstance from an alternate perspective. We will compose a custom paper test on Rethinking the Starbucks Experience or on the other hand any comparable theme just for you Request Now The inquiry is would it be advisable for them to stay with the progressions or return to the old ways and save custom? Going Big Howard Schultz referenced a few choices that that prompted the â€Å"watering down† of the Starbucks experience. These are: †¢ Changing La Marzocca machines with programmed coffee machines. †¢ Shifting from new espresso to new simmered packed away espresso. †¢ Transforming store plan. While he accepts these progressions came about to the â€Å"commoditization† of Starbucks, he conceded that these were vital and instrumental in bringing Starbucks from 1000 to in excess of 13,000 stores (Schultz, 2007). These progressions permitted Starbucks to accelerate their administrations, become increasingly productive, practical and serious. Starbucks Soul Everything has its own cost. Starbucks accomplished their business objectives yet dismissed their vision en route. For Howard Schultz, losing their â€Å"soul† for benefit was a significant expense to pay. In his notice, he referenced that moving from La Marzocca to programmed coffee machines evacuated the â€Å"romance and theater† of the procedure. The tallness of the machines hindered the view and removed the closeness of the experience. Moving to cooked espresso took out the smell and stripped the store of its custom and legacy. In conclusion, changing store configuration disposed of the â€Å"warm sentiment of an area store† (Schultz, 2007). Reevaluating the Experience Soul, experience, sentiment, theater, sanctuary these are a portion of the words Howard Schultz related with Starbucks. Perusing his notice gives everybody a brief look at his vision for Starbucks. It shows how enthusiastic he is about his item and his store. It subtleties the experience he imagines clients would feel in heading off to his stores. To him, it isn't simply selling espresso, it’s an encounter. It isn't only a store, it’s a sanctuary. It isn't simply acceptable client care, it is sentiment. For somebody who discovered his â€Å"Mecca† in Starbucks, those things mean a lot. Notwithstanding, Schultz needs to think about how conceivable it is that not all individuals share that vision. Many individuals love to drink espresso yet that doesn't mean they are as energetic about the experience as he seems to be. A few clients are not as in affection with the convention and heritage as he may be. There is nothing incorrectly about Howard Schultz’s vision and we can not censure him for being frightened by the progressions that occurred in his stores. Nonetheless, Starbucks must be available to the way that there may be a major contrast between individuals who hang out in cafés in 1981 to the a great many Starbucks supporters around the globe today. They need to understand that it isn't only a straightforward instance of benefit versus soul or proficiency versus custom. They need to consider what sort of â€Å"experience† individuals are planning to get from their stores and work from their. Starbucks are established by strong dreams however that can just take them up until this point. At long last it is the thing that the clients believe that issues. End Howard Schultz isn't only a specialist, he is a visionary. For him, benefit isn't sufficient, he need to save the convention and leave a heritage. In any case, he needs to acknowledge the way that to certain individuals, espresso is only a normal beverage, a product that shouldn't be romanticized. Instructions to refer to Reinventing the Starbucks Experience, Papers

American Spanish war essays

How to Write a Reflective Essay Format Structure

How to Write a Reflective Essay Format Structure So, you are assigned to write a reflective essay. What’s next? Unfortunately, many students get lost with such an assignment simply because they cannot find enough credible information on how to properly write this paper. Your Writers are ready to fix this problem! There are actually two important points to pay your attention to when writing a reflective essay: format and structure. However, the first thing you should completely understand is what exactly you need to write. A reflective essay is a piece of academic writing that requires you not only to describe a certain event or experience in your life but also to analyze how it has affected you as a person. In other words, it is all about your personal reflection and ability to show your own perception of certain events. Now as you know what to write about, let’s move on to the reflective essay format and its types. Reflective essay format types Although a reflective essay is an academic paper, it greatly differs from many other essay types. In general, the format of a reflective essay is more like an interesting story about you and your life than a serious piece of writing. Moreover, you don’t need to support your thesis with any facts or evidence â€" all you need is to describe your feelings, show your reflection, and provide your own opinion on a particular event or experience. This is probably the main reason why MLA and APA styles are the best choices when it comes to the format of your reflective essay. However, sometimes Chicago and AMA styles can also be used. The best you can do is check your college requirements on the reflective essay format or consult your professor or instructor. Reflective essay structure As for the paper structure, there is no specific format of the reflective essay, which means that, in most cases, you are free to decide what to write about and how to actually write it. However, just like with many other academic papers, a reflective essay should consist of three major parts: Introduction â€" the first part of your writing that should include a hook, your explanation or some background to the chosen topic, and your thesis or the central idea of your work. Body â€" the main paragraphs that should include the description of a particular event or your own experience and its effects on you and your life. Plus, you need to provide you reflection and thoughts on that particular event or experience. Conclusion â€" the last part of your writing intended for summarizing your main ideas, restating your thesis, and providing your final thoughts on the described event. A clear understanding of the reflective essay format and structure is the first step on your way to success. Once you know what to write about and how to do it right, you are ready to create a really good paper. Just focus on your personal experience, provide the reader with your thoughts, and don’t be afraid to describe your feelings!

Summary Of Julia Alvarezs Daughter Of Invention - 1038 Words

The issue of education provides a battleground for political debate and social issues. Writers such as Rodriguez, Alvarez, and Diaz explore different points of views of school children and how they deal with these issues. In addition, they provide them with a voice in which many children do not have. Looking into the thought processes of the minority children, â€Å"Daughter of Invention†, â€Å"The Boy Without a Flag†, and â€Å"Oscar Wao† look into what education provides for these children. In the Dominican American story â€Å"Daughter of Invention† by Julia Alvarez, Yoyo is to write a speech for an assembly for Teacher’s Day at school. At first, Yoyo had an issue writing out the speech, considering public speaking gave her anxiety and she was†¦show more content†¦It is improper. It is disrespecting her teachers† (p.1745). This is because she states that she plans to â€Å"destroy the teacher†. She is defying the autho rity of the teacher. Carlos essentially believes that it is an insult to her teachers. After a great deal of arguing with her father, Yoyo finally lapsed and revised her speech. She shortened her speech to â€Å"two brief pages of stale compliments and the polite commonplaces on teachers† (p.1747). The reason why Yoyo’s father angrily protested against her speech was to protect her. This is because there is a time and place for everything. Preaching defiance is not always appropriate in the particular setting you are in, especially in schools. Education is essential and going against that only creates a great deal of issues. If feel that â€Å"daughter of Invention† heavily relates to the Puerto Rican American story â€Å"The Boy without a Flag’ by Abraham Rodriguez. In â€Å"The Boy without a Flag† Abraham is defiant against authority, refusing to stand for the pledge of allegiance to the United States flag during school assemblies. The r eason for this is as a result of his father’s distaste for the United States and also imperialism. His father states, â€Å"All this country does is abuse Hispanic nations†¦tie them down and make them dependent† (p.2307). At an assembly, Abraham states that he will not salute the flag stating â€Å"I’m Puerto Rican. I ain’t no American. And I’m not no Yankee flag

Essay Reefer Madness Summary - 1366 Words

Reefer Madness Eric Schlosser To start off, the main driven idea of this book is the black market, or what they refer to as the underground and â€Å"shadow economy†. The underground has its choices and consequences as well as any other type of economic system do. But, in this case the underground can be a country’s main economy for survival such as, â€Å"In Bolivia the underground economy is responsible for an estimated 65 percent of GDP. In Nigeria it accounts for perhaps 76 percent.† (7) This type of GDP from the underground is usually found in the developing worlds. That’s not to say that we don’t have a dark side of our own in the mix. The US has been the largest competitor in the Black Market in many fields for example: Marijuana,†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"†¦I met a commercial introduced himself as â€Å"Dave†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦quite proud of his work and regretted being unable to discuss it with friends.† (39) Whether it’s a hobby o r for a living, the underground still has a staying with our mainstream economy because it’s just as important. Without all those illegal immigrants, especially Mexicans, who would have tended those acres of strawberries in California? With the migration of the illegals â€Å"California strawberry production†¦output more than tripled; prices fell, and the Americans doubled their consumption of fresh strawberries.† (81) Although, they have taken the opportunity for someone else in America to get the job, but regular Americans get paid a minimum wage nowadays. Back then, the farmers/company would pay whenever and whatever they felt like paying their workers because they were mostly illegal. It all started with a comic book. Reuben Sturman was the one who started the business of exploiting women to give men pleasure. He began his quest at a large warehouse in Detroit, where his business would bloom not only nationwide but internationally as well. This might be a dirty subject to get into but, Pornography is just as important as Marijuana and Underground labor because it too created much revue as â€Å"$15,000 to $20,000 a week to dance at strip clubs, doing four twenty-minute shows each night.† (181). It’s staggering to see that a young businessmanShow MoreRelatedMarijuana And Its Legalization Of Marijuana1993 Words   |  8 Pagesintense forms of advertising is propaganda. One of the most popular examples of how marijuana is depicted in society is the film called Reefer Madness by Louis J. Gasnier. In this 3.8/10 overall rated fiction movie, it features a highly exaggerated take on marijuana along with a trio of drug dealers causing innocent high school students to become addicted to reefer (marijuana) cigarettes by holding crazy parties with jazz music. In short, the film is based off of how when kids introduce marijuanaRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legal?3165 Words   |  13 Pagespsychonauts, will employ. This is because cannabis is a term for respect without all the negative attachments marijuana holds. WORKS CITED Shorter Oxford English Dictionary (6th ed.), Oxford University Press, 2007, ISBN 978-0-19-920687-2 Ganja Summary The Archives of General Psychiatry published a landmark study in 2010 that found early marijuana use is associated with psychosis-related outcomes in young adults. When teenagers had used marijuana by the age of 15, researchers in Australia concludedRead More Slowly Moving Towards Legalizing Marijuana Essay3153 Words   |  13 Pagesoffers is one of the author’s idea of support he uses to present his strong argument. When evaluating an argument one must ask, was it convincing? A clear, convincing argument must have the proper characteristics. A detailed support summary for the author’s claims must be clear and present from the beginning. The logic and reasoning behind the information the author presents must complement the factual evidence and sincere emotional appeal. The argument needs to be established with aRead MoreThe United States And The Federal Prison System3063 Words   |  13 PagesSummary Today in the United States a land that claims to be the freest nation on the face of the Earth more people will wake up inside of a federal/state prison or a county jail cell than in any other country on the planet. As of 2012 this figure was a staggering 2,228,400 (jail 744,500; prison 1,483,900) add in to this the additional sum of just over 5 million people on parole (851,200) and probation (3,942,800) giving us a grand total of over 7 million citizens under some level of Federal or StateRead MoreEssay on The Potential of Medical Marijuana in the US2066 Words   |  9 Pagespeople view it. It has valid and credible sources from doctors, researchers and also people with firsthand experience and knowledge on medical marijuana. With hope this paper will raise any doubts or questions you had about Cannabis. First a brief summary of the history of Medical Marijuana in the USA. Medical marijuana has had a long and lengthy history of repeated use in the United States. From 1900 to 1940, marijuana, including opium and cocaine were considered part of everyday drugs. EventuallyRead MoreLegalization of Marijuana: A Controversial Research Topic3448 Words   |  14 Pagestolerance (Jullien, 2008). Arguments for Legalization Marijuana is part of American culture; it has been the topic of blockbuster movies (e.g., Dazed and Confused, 1993; Easy Rider, 1969; Half Baked, 1997; Reefer Madness, 1936; Up in Smoke, 1978) and successful albums (e.g., Gimme a Reefer 1933; Last Dance with Mary Jane, 1933; Mr. Tambourine Man, 1965; Puff the Magic Dragon, 1963). The prevalence of marijuana in America is highlighted by the fact that it is the most used illicit drug inRead MoreDental Treatment Planning For Patients Using Cannabis4431 Words   |  18 Pagespatient was cognitively impaired prior to the revelation of cannabis use on the health history questionnaire. REFERENCES 1. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. Results from the 2013 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: summary of national findings. Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration; 2014. HHS Publication No. (SMA) 14-4887. NSDUH Series H-49. 2. Khatapoush S, Hallfors D. Sending the wrong message: did medical marijuana legalization

The Welfare System Has Helped Families From Around The...

The welfare system has helped families from around the 1930’s. Social welfare in the United States consists of groups of variety programs. The programs are designed to assist people who are in need of assistance. The goal of the welfare program is to reduce poverty. Poverty undermines the economy by disturbing the normal growth of human capital. Including education, health and professional experience. All the welfare programs require different means of eligibility. There are programs that help with food, housing, Pell Grants, child care, and health care. In this paper I will give a brief review of the most popular programs. I will also tell the requirements to receive benefits. Then I will include a government review of fraud within the†¦show more content†¦In 20011 SNAP was the largest Federal food assistance program in the United States is helping more than forty-five million Americans. To receive snap benefits you and your family must first meet the income requirements, unless all family members receive SSI, TANF (Temporary Assistance for Needy Families) or any general assistance. Many households have to meet both the gross income and the net income. Households with elderly, or a disable person has to only meet the net income test. The amount of Assistance a family receives is called an allotment. To determine how much allotment your family will receive they take the net monthly income of the household and multiply by .3, then the result is subtracted from the maximum allotment for a household size to find out how much benefits your household will receive. According to the USDA they expect each household to spend about thirty percent of their monthly income on food. If your income is over the amount that is listed in Chart1.0 for household and monthly income you will not qualify for Supplement Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP). There is no set limit to how long you can receive SNAP benefits as long as there is a child or dependent in your household. However if you are a single person you can only receive benefits for three months in a thirty-six month period. Chart 1.0 Household and Gross monthly income. Net Monthly income Household Size

Plutarchs Pompey and Sulla free essay sample

A comparison between Pompey and Sulla, as depicted in biographies of Plutarch. The paper uses the biographies of Plutarch to draw a comparison between the lives of Caesars early ally and later enemy, Pompey, and that of the military tactician and politician, Sulla. The paper reflects on the Roman Republic: its ideology, values and its moral implications for today. `Plutarch often called the ancient father of modern biography. Through biographies of famous individuals he was able to reveal much of the character of great men and also much about of the political values of the times during which his subjects lived. His life of Caesars early ally and later enemy Pompey is instructive to compare with that of the military tactician and politician Sylla (also known as Sulla). Comparisons of different lives were one of the biographical techniques Plutarch made frequent use of. He did not do so with these particular individuals. We will write a custom essay sample on Plutarchs Pompey and Sulla or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page However, a comparison of the lives of these two Romans, as rendered by Plutarch, is still instructive because of the contemporary historical existences of these two very different individuals. The Roman Republic was undergoing considerable political flux during this time, but through this analysis the continuing stress upon moral values even during these times becomes evident.`

The Contemporary Indian Society

Background Information Vikas Swarup’s novel, Q A (Slumdog Millionaire), employs the life of an orphan, brought up in the slums of Mumbai, to portray the contemporary Indian society. The police arrest Ram on allegations of cheating in the quiz show, â€Å"Who Will Win a Billion (W3B)†.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Contemporary Indian Society specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In justifying his innocence, Ram narrates events and experiences in his life, which were the basis of his ability to answer the quiz promptly. The flashback on his life events constitutes the bulk of the story. It portrays the author as an individual who has keenly watched the issues that an ordinary member of the Indian society has to tolerate in his/her attempts to earn a living. The author, by giving the details of Ram’s ability to answer all the quiz questions, shows that life is the best teacher especi ally to those who are less privileged in life. Slumdog Millionaire is extremely close to reality as it portrays many aspects of the real Indian society with great verisimilitude and its realism outweighs its adventurous story and fairy tale elements. The Indian society as portrayed in the story The novel reveals lives of the impoverished individuals in the Indian society. These people live in the Mumbai slums. They do not acquire quality education thus end up becoming servants of the well up in the society. Ram works for an Australian diplomatic family and for a Bollywood megastar. Working as a waiter is part of his wide range of unprofessional occupations that Ram assumes in his lifetime. There is a clear distinction between those who are wealthy and the poor. The wealthy are very influential especially to the authority as evidenced when the producer of the television quiz is able to convince the police to arrest Ram, the poor orphan. The police, though lacking concrete evidence of the allegations, act accordingly. According to Proust this portrays the oppression of the poor by the rich in the society because as it occurs later that, the producer of the television show did not have the money to give to the winner of the quiz (25). According to him (the producer), the police would help him stop the poor winner from demanding the rightfully won prize. Proust argues that this vice is characteristic of the contemporary Indian society whereby the rich use their influence to deprive the poor their rights. The impoverished in the Indian society are not supposed to mingle with families of the well-up members of the society. For instance, Mr. Shantaram arrives in the slums and orders his family not to interact with their neighbors. Ram hears Shantaram saying,Advertising Looking for research paper on literature languages? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More â€Å"This place is nothing less than a black hole. It is totally beneath my dignity to be staying here, but just for the sake of you two, I will endure this humiliation until I get a proper job. Listen, I do not want any of the street boys to enter the house. God knows what hellholes they have come from. There are two right next to us. Rascals of the highest order, I think. And Gudiya, if I catch you talking to any boy in the chawl, you will receive a hiding with my leather belt, understood?† (Swarup 24). Though Shantaram’s family moves to the slums due to financial constraints, they still do not admit to stoop to the level of the rest of the people in the slums. This trend is true about the Indian society where the rich have defined their boundaries clearly to avoid any interactions with the poor (Neville 56). This has led to the distinct social classes in society. The novel also gives a picture of the extremes of religious differences exhibited in the Indian society. The two prominent religious groups in India are Muslim an d Hindu. The differences between the two groups are so severe to the extent of claiming people’s lives. The author tries to strike a balance between all the religious groups in the nation by giving his main character a name, Ram Mohammad Thomas, which has an aspect of each of the religions. Ram is a Hindu name; Mohammad signifies the Muslim faith while Thomas is a name of one of the Christian saints. The name to this actor makes him neutral as far as the religions are concerned. Salim lost his family at a tender age in religious-based riots. One day as he is travelling in a bus, he finds people rioting; a group of people is arguing over a water tap and this argument turns into a heightened fight between the Hindus and Muslims. The ruffians force the people to alight from the bus based on their religion. The Muslims, Salim being one of them, remain in the bus where he experiences a terrifying incidence based on his conversation with the ruffians: â€Å"What is your name?† the leader asked me. ‘I could have said Ram or Krishna, but I became tongue-tied. One of the attackers pointed to the tabeez around my neck. â€Å"This bastard is definitely a Muslim, let’s kill him,† he urged. â€Å"No. Killing him would be too easy. We will burn this motherfucker alive in this bus. Then he and his community will learn never to touch our homes,† said the leader, and laughed (Swarup 78). The other Muslim in the Mumbai bus, Ahmed Khan, confronts the ruffians, saves Salim’s life, takes the poor orphan, and employs him as his servant.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Contemporary Indian Society specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Child abuse is rampant in the contemporary Indian society. Ram and Salim attest that both in Mumbai and Delhi cruel relatives and police officers exist; for instance, a Maman transforms young children into slaves. Ashok, a thir teen-year old child narrates the children’s ordeal to Ram and Salim. He says that they are not schoolchildren but beggars in the local trains and others are pickpockets. They (the children) give the money the collected money to Maman’s men in exchange of food and shelter. In addition, if one of the children does not meet the daily target, Maman’s men punish him/her. The children under Maman’s custody cannot escape because they are afraid of other gangs in Mumbai. Shankar’s illness and death is another example of child abuse cases in the Indian society. Though his mother is capable of paying for the medical expenses for the treatment of the boy, she does not bother about it leading to the eventual death of the boy. We learn this from Ram when he takes Shankar’s corpse to the poor boy’s mother. He says, â€Å"Mrs. Swapna Devi, if this is your palace, and you are its queen, then acknowledge the prince. I have come to deliver the dead bo dy of your son Kunwar Shankar Singh Gautam to you. He died half an hour ago, in the outhouse where you have kept him hidden all these years. You did not pay for his treatment. You did not fulfill the duty of a mother. Now honor your obligation as a landlady. Please pay for the funeral of your penniless tenant† (Swarup 112). This mother did not treat his son justly The plight of women in a male dominated society is a controversial issue in the Indian society. Male chauvinism has snuffed the rights of women in the society (Watkins 12). For instance, Shaym uses Nita as a money making tool in his brothel. One of the men that he sends to Nita abuses her leaving her in much pain. When Raju goes looking for Nita, he is shocked by what he sees and upon inquiry, Nita explains, â€Å"†¦a man from Mumbai. Shyam send me to his room at the Palace Hotel. He tied me up and did all this to me. What you see on my face is nothing. See what he did to my body† (Swarup 112). Shyam late r tells that, in exchange of getting Nita back, he has to give him quite an amount of money and it occurs this is the sole reason why Ram participates in the television quiz to raise the money. Earlier on when Ram asks Nita to tell him her name, she does not give her surname; she posits, â€Å"Prostitutes don’t have surnames. Like pet cats and dogs, we are called only by our first names† (Swarup 102). By portraying Nita’s acceptance not to use her surname, the writer implies that women in the Indian society are quite contented with their low social status. However, some women have climbed the social ladder including Neelima Kumari, the actress, and Smita, Ram’s lawyer.Advertising Looking for research paper on literature languages? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More They represent Indian women who have stood to improve the image of the women in the Indian society. Dunham claims that the novel gives a biased picture of the Indian society (86). He says that Swarup’s story is a colonialist’s view of the society, which majors in its imperfections. India is not a nation filled with much misery, heartbreaks and evils among other forms of inhumanity. These are vices characteristic of any other nation. Throughout the story as discussed above, the author, through his characterization, clearly covers the entire social spectrum of the contemporary Indian society, which includes prostitutes, diplomats, slum dwellers, gangs, and beggars. His use of flash back in building the story is instrumental because it portrays life as a learning process. The challenges that one undergoes help in building his/her knowledge. Swarup vividly portrays that the only instrumental aspect in Ram’s ability to answer all the questions was his life experience . However, Branston, and Stafford believe that, Slumdog millionaire is more of an entertaining story than one that carries important social significance in the lives of the Indians (71). It is because of its use of dramatic humor with an incisive social comment. Conclusion The author of the novel Slumdog Millionaire has employed his vast skills in literature to bring out the image of the contemporary Indian society. His theme was to show that life is a learning process. For anyone who has grown in the slums, it is inevitable to meet all kinds of social evils ranging from misery, heartbreaks, and retribution among others. In attaining his theme, he chose to use the image of the contemporary Indian society. The story gives a full spectrum of the Indian society comprising of all forms of people ranging from diplomats to slum dwellers. It highlights the challenges that people go through that help in building knowledge about life. Despite the extensive use of drama in the story, Slumdog millionaire is a true depiction of the Indian society. The heavy doses of realism in the story outweigh the drama and adventure in the Slumdog millionaire. Works Cited Boyle, Danny, and Dunham, Brent. Danny Boyle: Interviews. Mississippi: University Press of Mississippi, 2011. Branston, Gill, and Stafford, Roy. The Media Students Book. New York: Taylor and Francis, 2010. Neville, Carl. â€Å"Classless.† Recent Essays on British Film. Britain: O Books, 2008. Proust, Marcel. â€Å"I have been arrested for winning a Quiz Show.† Pechorin’s Journal, 11 June 2011. Web. https://pechorinsjournal.wordpress.com/2008/11/03/vikas-swarup-qa/ Swarup, Vikas. Slumdog Millionaire. Britain: Harper Collins Publishers, 2006. Watkins, Tony. Rags and Riches: Exploring the Message behind the Media, 11 June 2011. Web. This research paper on The Contemporary Indian Society was written and submitted by user The Fury to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Primary and secondary standard solutions Essays

Primary and secondary standard solutions Essays Primary and secondary standard solutions Paper Primary and secondary standard solutions Paper Primary standards, such as potassium hydrogen phthalate (KHP) (C8H5KO4), display unique characteristics such as high purity, maintain stability during storage within a long period of time whether in solid or liquid form, large molar mass as calculated to be 204 (RMM), low reactivity with the surrounding air, high stoichiometry and low hygroscopicity (property of absorbing water from its surroundings), which makes them ideal in making precise assessments of the unknown concentration of a known chemical. Secondary standards such as sodium hydroxide (NaOH) do not have the properties listed above, therefore it is low in purity, it is highly liable in absorbing the water molecules (H2O) from the atmosphere, it has high reactivity, it’s concentration changes over time, has lower molar mass known to be 40 (RMM). They are used in standardisations by comparing against primary standards. Primary standards are high in purity; whereas secondary standards have a low purity. Primary standards such as potassium hydrogen phthalate (C8H5KO4) remain stable when stored and the concentration does not alter over time whether it is in solid form or liquid form; however, secondary standards, for e. g. sodium hydroxide (NaOH), does not remain stable and the concentration changes rapidly over time. The primary standard, potassium hydrogen phthalate for example, has a higher molar mass (204 RMM) than the secondary standard, sodium hydroxide (40 RMM) for e. g. Primary standards’ reactivity with the surrounding is low in oppose to secondary standards where it is high and react with the water molecules in the atmosphere. The function of the both standards is to provide as a reference to be used when standardising a solution. Initially, a primary standard is used to standardise a secondary standard. Titration is the quantitative technique used to identify the concentration of an unknown solution by using a solution of which its concentration is known. The known solution, named titrant, is added into the analyte (unknown solution) from a burette until the reaction between the two is identified as complete by the colour change of the indicator. Colorimetry is also used to identify the concentration of an unknown sample, however it is typically used for the identification of concentration of coloured solutions. The colorimeter enables to pass different wavelengths of light through the sample, hence measures the amount of light absorbed by the sample. Titration Errors * Using diluted titrant and analyte: Once the burette is rinsed with distilled water, if it is not rinsed with the titrant, which was the sodium hydroxide (NaOH); it will become slightly diluted. This error will lead onto introducing a little more of sodium hydroxide with the vinegar, which means that the calculated mass for vinegar will be a little higher than usual and that will increase the percentage of the concentration of the vinegar. The same goes with the pipette when filling it with analyte, which was the acetic acid (vinegar-CH3COOH); if the pipette is not rinsed with the analyte after being rinsed with distilled water, the analyte will become slightly diluted and it will mean that a little more sodium hydroxide will be introduced and it will increase the percentage of the vinegar concentration more than it was supposed to be.   Preparation of the standard solution: A standard solution has to be mixed well in order to become a homogenous solution. This is necessary in order to estimate the percentage of the concentration of the analyte, in this case it was the potassium hydrogen phthalate. If it is not mixed properly, it may lead on to introducing more or less titrant, sodium hydroxide, into the standard solution of potassium hydrogen phthalate, to reach the end point. Therefore, the calculations for the estimation of sodium hydroxide concentration will be inaccurate, which means that the concentration could be higher or lower than it is in actuality. Colorimeter Errors 1. The absorption-concentration graph for the calibration curve of identifying manganese in manganin wire could have been drawn inaccurately. Hence, this will directly give an inaccurate result as to what the concentration of manganese will be in manganin wire. 1. If the calibration of the colorimeter is not done before making any measurements, it will give the wrong result of the wavelength of the rose wine samples. Hence, the absorbance cannot be measured accurately and an inaccurate result for the actual concentration of the rose wine will occur. 1. If the serial dilutions for rose wine are performed incorrectly, meaning excess water remained in the test tubes and burette initially, before even beginning the serial dilutions, due to washing them with distilled water, the rose wine samples added into the test tubes will be extra diluted. Therefore, the absorbance of the coloured compounds will be slightly reduced and when drawing out the calibration curve, it will correspond to the inaccurate rose wine concentration. Improvements for Colorimetry:Instead of using a hand-drawn calibration curve, it could have been drawn on a computer program â€Å"Excel† to ensure the accuracy of the graph and hence the calibration curve. Therefore, the absorbance measured can correspond to the accurate concentration of the solution being identified. Using equipment such as a â€Å"spectrophotometer† (difference between) which has 3-4 decimal places instead of a 2 decimal placed would give a much ‘precise’ result when measuring the absorbance of the samples such as the manganese in manganin wire. Also, to prevent inaccurate absorbance results, the calibration of the colorimeter must be done each time before measuring the wavelength of rose wine samples. It is done by putting deionised water into the cuvettes previously from measuring the absorbance of the actual wine being which is being identified, by pressing the ‘R’ button as reference. Finally, â€Å"automatic pipettes† could be used for the serial dilutions. Using automatic pipettes will increase the accuracy of the amount of manganese sample being measured to form the serial dilutions. Improvements for Titration: In order to prevent the sodium hydroxide (titrant) from becoming slightly dilute in the burette, the burettes must be washed with the sodium hydroxide, right after they are rinsed with the deionised water. This way, an accurate amount of titrant will be introduced with the analyte (potassium hydrogen phthalate). Consequently, this reduces the possibility of calculating a higher mass, therefore a higher concentration percentage for vinegar than its actual concentration. When preparing the standard solution (for e. g. the potassium hydrogen phthalate), it is important to shake the solution in order to have a homogenous solution. This is to ensure that there are no solid particles left in the solution that may interfere with the calculation of the concentration percentage of sodium hydroxide (titrant). The solution must be shaken in order to introduce an accurate amount of titrant with the analyte (potassium hydrogen phthalate) to reach the end point and therefore gain a more accurate concentration percentage of sodium hydroxide (titrant). Conclusion: The concentration percentage for vinegar was obtained as 7%, which is close to the actual range of concentration which had to be 5-6%. It could be said that it is fairly accurate. In order to ensure the accuracy of the titrations, they were performed several times until three consecutive results were obtained. Therefore, the volume measurements of the solution in the burette is quite reliable, due to being repeated. The preparation of Potassium Hydrogen Phthalate as a standard solution was carried out accurately (it was shaken until the potassium hydrogen phthalate dissolved properly) and therefore this allowed to gain an accurate result in the concentration of Sodium Hydroxide, which was 1. 11627 molar. The results obtained for the rose wine concentration percentage was 4% for sample A, 46% for sample B, and 84% for sample C. All the absorbance values found for each of the samples -A, B and C- were within the range of the serial dilutions absorbance. Preparing a serial dilution allowed the results of concentration to be more reliable and therefore more accurate, as when forming a graph of calibration curve for the rose wine samples, the line of best fit was drawn much more accurately. The manganese concentration in manganin wire was identified as 9%, however it was to be about 12%. This could be due to the calibration curve being drawn inaccurately for the manganese sample. Using a computer program such as ‘Excel’ in drawing the calibration curve could have improved the result of concentration for the manganese sample, as it would make the line of best fit for the calibration curve graph much more accurate. Overall, the results gained were not ‘entirely’ accurate, however by repeating certain parts of the techniques, the reliability of the technique was increased as well as the accuracy.

ECON160 Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

ECON160 - Research Paper Example Moreover, free market system promotes fairness in the society by threatening dictatorial rule. Part 1 Free market policies that threaten dictatorial governments Governments around the globe prefer the free market system because of the advantages that arise upon use. Indeed, the system encourages entrepreneurship and healthy competition. In dictatorial States, the system poses threat to governments. According to Cobin (16), free market leads to economic growth and the development of democratic empires. In China, the system has been fundamental in strengthening democracy. The rise in private wealth acquisition in China is attributable to the free market system. For instance, the system promotes democracy in China. Free market system discourages dictatorship in several instances making the system preferable in developed democracies. According to Wehner and Brooks (37), the use of free trade policies limits State’s monopoly. As such, the system denies government the monopoly of ma king trade policies on behalf of the citizens. Governments using the system consult citizens when making trade policies. Wehner and Brooks (24) add that free market system enhances fairness in employments. Moreover, government listens to public opinion when making national budget in free market systems. Dictatorial governments find it hard to embrace the free market system because it encourages citizens to take part in planning. In free markets, the public helps the government in planning for activities that affect trade. For instance, citizens vote when choosing their leaders, yet voting is against the principles of dictatorship. Moreover, people make decisions through consensus in free trade (Kates 7). Citizens prefer the use free trade policies because the policies advocates for fairness in trade. Free market system advocates for the use of monetary policies in restructuring economies. This is only achievable in the presence of democracy. The economy encourages dialogue during pl anning. This makes it difficult for a government to embrace dictatorship (Wehner and Brooks 27). There is a direct connection between economy and politics making governments listen to the views of masses when devising trade policies. A majority of the countries that have adopted free market economic system are not dictatorial. This is an indication that free market system discourages dictatorship. Policies that prohibit the government against setting prices for commodities are helpful in promoting democracy. In free market economies, market forces control the activities of the market. According to Cobin (151), governments intervene only when the country faces crisis. Additionally, a free market encourages the poor to exploit the rich because they control dictatorial governments. When the poor have the capacity to develop, they become a threat to the government. In free markets, people champion their rights through voting; hence, the poor in the country have the capability to elect o ne of their own to a leadership position. 2 China’s economy According to Richard McGregor, China’s economy is both a free market and communist economy. It is a free market because leadership has embraced liberalization of trade. For example, individuals have built their own business empires from trade. In China, the communist party encourages ownership of properties by individuals. The

Economic globalization in China Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Economic globalization in China - Essay Example The death of Mao Zedong, the father of China’s Cultural Revolution helped them to shift their attention from the ideological warfare and class struggles to the economical development. Moreover the emergence of Deng Xiaoping as the leader of China after Mao gave momentum to the economic development activities. Globalization has brought revolutionary changes in china. China’s GDP was dollar 4.5 trillion in 2000, second only to US whereas the GDP per capita was $ 3600 in 2000. The trading power of China was in the 32nd place in 1978, 15 th in 1989, and 6 th in 2001. China was the world’s fifth largest exporter and 6 th largest importer in 2002. FDI in 2002 was around $ 50 billion. The number of poor has declined from 250 million in 1978 to 30 million in 2000. Population growth has been controlled by controlling the birth rate. The average life expectancy of Chinese people increased from 35 years in 1949 to 71.8 years in 2001 (Gao). Jintao (2005) has mentioned that b y 2020, Chinas GDP might be approximately $4 trillion with a per capita level of around $3,000 (Jintao).This paper briefly explains the revolutionary changes happened in China due to economic globalization. Till the era of Mao Zedong, China was more adamant in their economic policies. They have followed an economic policy strictly in accordance with the Marxist economic views. All the other economic policies implemented in other capitalist countries have been looked suspiciously by China and other socialist countries. China like socialist countries were reluctant in opening their economies to capitalist countries. Most of the trade activities of China were with Soviet Union and other socialist countries. Later after the destruction of Soviet Union China tried to establish trade ties with the third world, still reluctant in establishing any connection with the U.S. and U.K. like capitalist countries. Because of the above policy China escaped from

Attitudes Towards Help Seeking Behaviour In Individuals Psychology Essay

Attitudes Towards Help Seeking Behaviour In Individuals Psychology Essay A questionnaire survey was conducted among the participants the Victoria University Students chose to determine whether attitudes towards seeking professional help changed when focusing upon certain situational variables. The 697 participants in this study each completed a questionnaire which evaluated on a 3 point scale their current attitude towards seeking professional counselling services, whether help had been obtained and their future intentions in seeking help. The study specifically focused on two age groups, 18-25 and 55+. Results indicated that females are more likely than males to have positive attitudes towards seeking professional psychological help. Also, consistent with the hypotheses, results also supported that younger adults will have a more positive attitude towards seeking seek than older adults and those with prior experience towards seeking professional help can influence an individuals future intentions on seeking help. This study attempts to focus upon the sit uational variables and avoidance factors that may influence attitudes towards seeking professional help. In a society with improved living standards and better access to healthcare, there is still a growing prevalence of men and women that display certain characteristics in their attitudes towards seeking professional counselling services. It is these people that seem to inhibit themselves from reaching out for beneficial services on a range of mental health issues and circumstances that need attention. Research psychologists and counsellors have reported that there are quite a number of factors and situational variables such as age, gender and prior experience that influence an individuals attitude on whether to seek professional help and the reluctance one holds attending such services. It is understood that when one experiences psychological distress, only after they have attempted to resolve their issues and failed will they endeavour to seek counselling or psychotherapy services. (Larson, et al., 2007) Help seeking can be generally defined as the specific behaviour an individual will exhibit when actively seeking help from certain people. Help seeking is a form of coping that opens the doors for communication with other people to gain advice, support and understanding on concerning issues that an individual will attempt to resolve. Counsellors have identified a number of avoidance factors that seem to directly influence an individuals pursuit in seeking help. Also identified are situational variables that impact the probability of an individuals reluctance to seek guidance such as sex/gender, race/ethnicity, treatment setting/treatment issue (Larson, et al., 2007) however, for the purpose of this report, sex/gender, age and prior experience will be focused upon and thoroughly discussed. The act of seeking professional help can come with many barriers and avoidance issues that seem to gain in intensity when an individual approaches the decision to seek such help. Larson, 2007 has summarised and interpreted the avoidance factors that are accepted by the mental health literature in the attitudes towards help seeking behaviours which include, social stigma (Komiya, Good, Sherrod, 2000), treatment fears (Deane Todd, 1996; Kushner Sher, 1989), fear of emotion (Komiya et al., 2000), anticipated utility and risks (Vogel Wester, 2003; Vogel, Wester, Wei, Boysen, 2005), and self-disclosure (Hinson Swanson, 1993; Vogel Wester, 2003) By identifying the above factors, it serves to be a useful function to counsellors that enables them to establish the potential barriers and reluctance towards help seeking. The attitudes and views held by an individual on help seeking are absolutely crucial and fundamental to their mental health and wellbeing. There is increasing awareness from professional and authoritarian bodies that encourages individuals to recognize the signs for help and to seek services from appropriate sources. Reluctance and attitudes towards seeking help will continue to be an obstacle unless counsellors and other professionals highlight and emphasise the importance of how vital it is to seek help when required. It is hypothesised that women have a more positive attitude towards seeking professional help than men. It is also hypothesised that younger adults will have a more positive attitude towards seeking seek than older adults. Finally, it is hypothesised that prior experience towards seeking professional help can influence an individuals future intentions on seeking help. There is growing research and evidence that suggests that the gender of an individual seems to have a correlative link in regards to attitudes towards help seeking. (Larson, et al., 2007) Many studies have concluded that men are more likely to seek professional counselling or psychological support for quite severe psychiatric conditions, (Leaf Bruce, 1987) whilst women are believed to have a more optimistic view in seeking help and are more inclined to seek help than men. (Fischer Farina,1995). It is worth mentioning that studies have also expressed that due to the stereotypes placed upon genders and their role within society, it has a direct impact in the attitudes of seeking help. Using the male gender as an example, a preconceived and stereotypical notion of men would suggest that they have a tough interior and succumbing to the thought that professional intervention may be required, can result in feelings of embarrassment and a sign of weakness as they must accept defeat. (Addi s Mahalik, 2003) Another preconceived notion held by society proposes that once all prior attempts at resolving issues have been exhausted, only in this instance is professional help ought to be sought after. (Angermeyer, Matschinger, Riedel-Heller, 1999) Holding such mentalities may bring the onset of social stigma associated with help seeking behaviours which can ultimately further increase an individuals reluctance in their search for resolutions. This is quite evident in a study that showed that men were more likely to place less important issues aside because of the increased social stigma involved. (Timlin-Scalera, Ponterotto, Blumberg, Jackson, 2003). It is clearly evident that the above findings support the hypothesis that women are more likely to have a positive attitude towards seeking professional help than men. Despite the results suggesting gender can play a direct role in attitude perceptions, studies of certain age ranges of males and females were also measured to investigate a possible correlation if age influences an individuals attitudes towards seeking help. Only a limited amount of research has been conducted investigating the possibility if age seems to play a role in the attitudes towards seeking professional help across different age spans. From the minimal demographic research findings that are available, studies have often used the specific views and attitudes of college educated students who range in 20 years of age and have found that this sample of people are more inclined to show positive attitudes towards seeking help and are more likely to attend services when being compared to individuals of similar age, with no college education and an older age range (Vessey Howard, 1993). Researches are also quite interested in the attitude perceptions of help seeking behaviours of adolescents and have found that despite counselling services being openly available to the majority of adolescents, there are a number of factors that will influence their intentions of doing so. (Boldero Fallon, 1995) Quite interestingly, with results simila r pertaining to that of adolescents, individuals who ranged 65 years of age or older were also found that in spite of professional assistance being easily accessible, an unwillingness was show in taking advantage of the offered services. (Andrews et al.,2001; Veroff, 1981) An interpretation of this finding can suggest that as a result of the increasing attitude perception of avoidance factors, reluctance can be expected. Due to a lack of basic education, individuals in this age range are not aware in recognizing the signs of when assistance is required for mental issues (Hasin Link, 1988) and as a result, individuals in this group were more likely to consult with general medical doctors relating their distress being linked to physical problems. (Leaf, Bruce, Tischler, Holzer, 1987) When comparing both age ranges, those 65 years or older were reported to have increasingly higher negative attitudes towards seeking professional help and counselling services. (Allen,Walker, Shergill, Dath, Katona, 1998). In lieu of the overall findings, the evidence and results clearly support the hypothesis however, age alone doesnt indicate overall attitudes towards help seeking. The decision process in which an individual comes to the conclusion that seeking assistance on mental issues has been characterised as a quite complex behaviour and not very straight forward. There are several factors that seem to intervene and delay the onset of progressing further in seeking help. Prior experience in seeking help and treatment is considered to play a major influence on the attitudes and intentions of individuals seeking such services or further increasing their reluctance to treatment. One of the most significant barriers to seeking professional treatment comes under the avoidance factor of social stigma. (Sibicky Dovidio, 1986; Stefl Prosperi, 1985). Social stigma is defined as the fear that others will judge a person negatively if she or he sought help for a problem. (Deane Chamberlain, 1994). Due to this preconceived idea, the fear of negative judgement from others deters an individuals attempt in help seeking (Overbeck, 1977). Studies investigating the relat ionship between help seeking behaviours and social stigma have concluded not only does social stigma predict ones attitude in seeking treatment, it may also directly affect their future intentions of counselling services. (Deane Chamberlain, 1994). An experiment conducted by Victoria University in the form of a questionnaire measured participants attitudes towards help seeking behaviours and their likely hood on future intentions to attend counselling services. The questionnaire specified and evaluated on a 3 point scale their current attitude towards seeking professional counselling services, whether help had been obtained and their future intentions in seeking help. Method Participants The 697 participants in this study consisted of males and females that were not related to the administers of the questionnaires. Of the two genders, there were 348 males and 349 females with ages ranging from 18 to 55+ years old. The study specifically focused two age groups, 18-25 and 55+. The younger age groups of 18-25 had a mean age of 20.59 (SD= 2.9) and 55+ older age group had a mean age of 60.70 (SD=6.62). The two age groups both consisted of subgroups comprising of younger males and females, and older males and females. The younger age group, 18-25, had 180 males with a mean of 20.70 (SD=2.23) and 185 females with a mean of 20.49 (SD=2.15). The older age group, 55+, had 168 males with the mean average of 61.34 (SD=7.25) and 164 females which had a mean age of 60.04 (SD=5.89) 50.1% of participants were born in Australia, 7.0% were born in Europe, 4.2% in Asia, 1.6% in Africa, 1.0% in North America and 34.4% participants did not indicate country of birth. Participation for thi s study was voluntary. Materials A questionnaire survey measuring the attitudes towards seeking professional psychological help was the selected medium. The questionnaire was designed to measure the responses of participants attitudes towards seeking professional psychological help. The survey consisted of a series of 10 questions all relating to personal attitudes regarding seeking psychological counselling services. Participants were instructed to rate the strength of their agreement to the questions or statement on a scale from 0 (completely disagree) to 3 (completely agree). Scores for each attitude topic could theoretically range from 0 (being the lowest possible score) to 30 (being the maximum possible score.) A demographic data section was also included in the survey to collect information regarding gender, age, nationality, occupation, country of birth and previous counselling experience. Procedure All students received four copies of the survey questionnaire. They were instructed to recruit 4 participants from the following age ranges of 18-25 and 55+. Chosen participants had to be of strict criteria, one male of 18-25 years old, one female of 18-25 years, one older male of 55+ and one older female of 55+ and must not be related. Participants were instructed to complete the questionnaires and hand them to the students to bring them along to the next designated class. The questionnaires were collected and randomly given to the lecturer. The course lecturer scored and analysed the data using descriptive statistics. Results The statistical data analysed from the questionnaires proved that all the hypotheses were supported. Data for gender and age were pooled and results are presented for the combined presentation. As seen below on table 1, results indicate that younger males scored higher than older males on their attitudes towards seeking help with a total mean score of 15.12 (5.58). On the other hand, consistent the hypothesis, females scored much better than males on their attitudes towards seeking professional help with a total means score of 17.17 (4.77). Table 1 Age and Gender: The influence on age and gender on the attitudes towards seeking professional help MALES FEMALES TOTAL Younger 18 30 15.59 17.2 16.41 (5.16) (4.37) (4.83) Older 55+ 14.59 18.09 16.32 (5.88) (5.16) (5.85) Total 15.12 17.16 (5.58) (4.77) Note: All numbers in brackets are standard deviations. FIGURE 1: Prior Counselling History Results Results have indicated that those with little counselling experience had a total mean average of 15.4 (5.16). Those with little counselling experience have a total mean average of 17.92 (4.90) and those with a lot of counselling experience had a total mean average of 20.23 (5.27). Consistent with the hypothesis, those who had previous counselling experience were more likely to have positive attitudes towards seeking help in the future and attend future services. Discussion As expected, the questionnaire survey confirmed that females are more likely than males to have positive attitudes towards seeking professional psychological help. Consistent with the hypotheses, results also supported that younger adults will have a more positive attitude towards seeking seek than older adults and those with prior experience towards seeking professional help can influence an individuals future intentions on seeking help. The results clearly indicate that there are certain avoidance factors such as social stigma and any preconceived ideas to why the attitudes of men in seeking help have scored lower than that of women. Findings have found that women are believed to have a more optimistic view in seeking help and are more inclined to seek help than men (Fischer Farina,1995) because men have been reported to only seek help for quite severe psychiatric conditions. (Leaf Bruce, 1987) Certain age ranges seem to have a link to the degree in which younger and older generations attitude differ in their efforts towards seeking help. It was reported that college educated students who range in 20 years of age are more inclined to show positive attitudes towards seeking help and are more likely to attend services when being compared to individuals of similar age, with no college education and an older age range. An explanation of this could be due to the exposure of college environment and a growing emphasis of the importance of psychological and counselling services (Vessey Howard, 1993). Older adults not aware in recognizing the signs of when assistance is required for mental issues (Hasin Link, 1988) and as a result, individuals in this group were more likely to have negative attitudes towards seeking help. One of the most significant barriers to seeking professional treatment comes under the avoidance factor of social stigma. Due to this preconceived idea, prior experience in seeking help and treatment can be jeopardised because of fear of negative judgement from others which can sometimes deters an individuals attempt and their attitude in seeking professional help. Due to the samples being limited to those participants students chose, findings may not apply to other cultural background and also, only two age ranges were focused upon, 18-25 and 55+, in order to gain a better perspective into people attitudes towards seeking professional psychological help, an unrestricted view across the age spectrum would greatly influence the results. Moreover, although the results were approached from the perspective that certain situational variables and avoidance factors may influence people attitudes towards professional help, it can be argued that peoples attitudes towards seeking therapy themselves influence their reluctance in actually attending such services. Directions for future exploration can include incorporating larger cultural backgrounds to gain a better understanding of different attitudes towards seeking help from a larger population. It would also be beneficial to have an unrestricted view of all ages across the spectrum to see if the attitudes towards seeking help discriminate against only certain ages or if they remain consistent throughout all ages. Finally, an investigation into all the potential variables that may influence attitudes towards seeking professional therapy should be considered to determine their potential relation with those attitudes. Overall, results from the study reveal that attitudes towards seeking professional psychological help can change depending on situational variables such as gender, age and prior counselling experience. It should be noted that situational variables seem to influence the attitudes of individuals only to a certain extent, avoidance factors such as social stigma and any preconceived notions can also greatly influence people attitudes towards seeking professional help. Further research should be conducted that incorporates and measures all the known situational variables and avoidance factors and see how the results vary from the present studies accessible now.

Introduction on Charles Dickens :: English Literature

Introduction on Charles Dickens He was born in 1812, his family were very poor, his father who was a clerk in the Royal Navy based in Portsmouth, when he was five years old his family moved to Chatham which at the time was a big Dockyard. At the age of nine he moved again but this time it was to London, because his family were so poor they could not afford to send Charles to school so he taught himself. Charles started work at the age of 11 in a blacking factory helped and taught what to do by a friend named Bob Fagin (who is in Oliver Twist). As a result of being so poor his father went to debtors prison, because his mother could not afford things she joined him going to prison the bailiffs took away all there possessions. His Grandmother died and left money to the family and as a result of this they got out of prison. Charles then went to school as a day boy in Hampstead where he had a 'cane happy' headmaster called Mr Jones. Charles then got an office job for newspapers and magazines doing news reports from parliament and Law courts, soon after he started writing short stories for magazines, he then died in 1870 at an age of 58. Oliver Twist was written in 1839 by Charles Dickens and was published in monthly issues in magazines and newspapers. The first time Oliver Twist was made into a book was in 1850 this was when Charles Dickens was thirty - eight years old. This book was based on his history and about the poor who lived in London. Some characters in the book are from his history such as Fagin who was his old childhood friend or Mr. Bumble who was Dickens Headmaster. The Book Oliver Twist is an orphan who was born in a workhouse. After an unhappy apprenticeship, Oliver runs away to London where he falls in with thieves, headed by Fagin a villainous 'Jew '. Mr Brownlow rescues him but the gang kidnaps him back. Oliver discovers the identity of his parents. The gang that Fagin runs are exposed. This would be similar to the workhouse Oliver would have spent 10 years of his life in. Chapter VIII We learn a lot about the way people lived then from the way Dickens described it. In chapter eight Oliver runs away from the workhouse and from Mr Sowerberry and heads off to London. As Oliver walked away from the workhouse he was hiding behind the hedges because the fear of him being 'pursued had overtaken'. He saw a

When Celebrity Endorsement Succeeds

WHEN CELEBRITY ENDORSEMENT SUCCEEDS! Celebrity endorsement is defined as a form of brand or advertising campaign that involves a well known person using their fame to help promote a product or service. The basic principle is quiet simple, people like celebrities, so if a celebrity likes a product people will like it. According to industry sources, 20% of all television commercials features a famous person.I believe that celebrity endorsement is a good way for a company to promote its product through its consumers, celebrities appear in roughly one-fifth of ads, according to market researchers, and a single company like Nike might spend around half a billion dollars a year on endorsements . Celebrities greatly influence our consumer decisions in making purchases on certain products or brands. Advertisers have always found unique ways of getting the consumers attention, and elevating the status of a particular product.The Nike empire has many famous athletes sponsoring their product, s uch as Lebron James, Troy Polamalu, and Tiger woods. These athletes are just some of hundreds that Nike has sponsored over the years. From their endorsements, consumers are constantly seeing the best sports players in the world using Nike equipment, shoes, or other Nike brand products. This in turn gives one the sense of Nike being the best, since the best professionals are using it. Thus making the consumer want to buy Nike's products.Another great example is, Gillette's Mach Fusion advertisement featuring Tiger Woods, Roger Federer, and Thierry Henry, combined all three of the best golf, tennis, and soccer players in its razor commercial. â€Å"A sign of a celebrity is that his name is often worth more than his services. † – Daniel J Boorstin Also, in my own point of view, I don’t think a bad celebrity endorsement that backfires can affect the consumer buying behaviour. According to Katyal. S (2011), Sainsbury’s encountered a problem with Catherine Zeta Jones, whom the company used for its recipe advertisements, when she was caught shopping in Tesco.A similar case happened with Britney Spears who endorsed one cola brand and was repeatedly caught drinking another brand of cola on tape. I totally disagree with this claim, why will people not want to buy a recipe from Sainsbury because Catherina Zeta Jones was caught using a different product, are they trying to say she should only use the product she advertises on TV? And concerning Britney spears, is she only suppose to devote her life to coca cola brands only? Assuming she was thirsty for sprite of fanta, she should not drink it in public because she advertised for coca cola brand only.People don’t really understand what consumer endorsement means, if a certain celebrity is used for a product, it means that product is good enough for everybody that's if you like the person being used. Example, the Nike snicker being advertised by Lebron James, he is used because of his popu larity and his athletic background which is a successful one. They mean, if a person like Lebron can use their product, u can use it too. And it's telling its customers that Lebron has approved the product top be a good one which is why he signed the endorsement contract.

The Odyssey A Summary by Alec Fields - 1313 Words

Odysseus was the king of Ithaca; he had a wife, and a new-born son Telemachus. While his son was still an infant, king Agamemnon declared war on the Troy, and Odysseus was drafted to fight in the Greek army. It was there that he did many heroic deeds, most notably his concoction of the Trojan Horse plan. But this story begins after all that after he offends the god Poseidon and is sent on his journey, his quest, his Odyssey. Ismarus was sacked by Odysseus and his men. It was plentiful with money, food, and treasure. So plentiful that Odysseus men became greedy and they decided to enjoy themselves, against the wishes of Odysseus. To exploit these circumstances a neighboring army attacked killing 72 of Odysseus men. They flee from†¦show more content†¦Odysseus traveled to the lair of the Sirens and Odysseus prepared his men ahead of time. Their ears were filled with wax, and he had them tie him to the mast of the ship, without any wax in his ears. Upon hearing their song he ye lled for his men to release him, and thats when they would tighten the ropes. He flailed and struggled to get free, but he was unsuccessful. He was released after they were well passed the Sirens domain. It is said that after being completely unsuccessful the sirens drowned themselves. Odysseus was told by Circe to choose between braving Scylla, a 6 headed sea monster or Charbydis, a huge whirlpool-like monster. He was told that if he faced Charbydis his entire ship, with his men, would be lost. He was told Scylla would kill 6 men, and that if they fought against it they would lose 12. So Odysseus reluctantly chose to brave the Scylla. Scylla ate 6 of his men as they crossed and Odysseus moved forward in his journey. They next made landfall on the island of Thrinacia, the island of the sun god. This was Helios domain where he kept his prized cattle. Odysseus was warned by Tiresias not to eat the cattle there, this was passed on to the crew by Odysseus. But they did not listen, they made a feast of Helios cattle. This earned them the wrath of Helios,Show MoreRelatedPostmodernism and the Simpsons10775 Words   |  44 Pages........................................................................................................... 35 Introduction Postmodernism: Profile of a Cultural Movement Postmodernism is a term used to encompass a wide range of attitudes in the fields of aesthetic production and cultural criticism emerging in the 1980s. It is a unique critical movement due to the extent of its reach; it can be said to be immediately relevant to the realms of the arts, philosophy, politics and sociology. The Encyclopedia